Everytime I go for Umrah,I always wonder about the drape of kaab’a-the House of Allah.How beautiful is the calligraphy ! I always wanted to stand there forever looking at the kiswa,and reading the ayats.I wanted to know which ayats are written in it?I wondered that such a beautiful intricate design must have some secrets,and then I began my research.I was astonished to know that it takes 20,million SR to produce the drape of kaaba.The beauty of islam is that such a precious piece is not kept locked anywhere but distributed as a gift among the general public and to muslim countries.Masha Allah !
Kiswah (Arabic: كسوة الكعبة, kiswat al-ka’bah) is the cloth that covers the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.The holy Kaaba is covered with new kiswa (cover) every year on the 10th Dhu Al Hijjah, which coincides with Haj. It was a custom started by the Prophet Ismail (Pubh) 4000 years before the origin of Islam.The term kiswah is Arabic for ‘pall‘, the cloth draped over a casket,
COST OF MAKING KISWAH
The present cost of making the kiswa amounts to SAR 20,000,000 . The cover is 658m2 and is made of 670 kg of silk. The embroidery contains 15 kg of gold threads. It consists of 47 pieces of cloth and each piece is 14m long and 101 cm wide. The kiswa is wrapped around the Kaaba and fixed to its base with copper rings. The manually designed embroidery of the Quranic verses are slowly being aided by computers, thus increasing the speed of production
DIMENSION OF KISWAH
The cloth is 14 meters high.
On the top third of the cloth, there is the Kiswa belt which is 95 centimeters wide and 45 meters long.
It consists of 16 pieces and surrounds the Kiswa from all sides.
The belt is embroidered with protruding designs that are enameled with silver threads covered with gold. The material is made up of silk and a gold embroidered band is sewn about three fourth the distance from the bottom.
The part covering the door, which stands 2.13 mts above the ground on the north-east side wall, is covered separately with richly embroidered Quranic verses, leaving an opening for the black stone
WHAT IS WRITTEN IN KISWAH
At each corner of Kaaba,surah Ikhlas is written in a circle
CALLIGRAPHY:- Quranic verses are written on it in Ath-Thuluth style of Arabic calligraphy.
1)The Kiswa is made of pure natural silk dyed in black. On this silk are engraved the phrases:
” 0′ Allah, There is no God but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. The Most Loving, the Bene- factor. Glory be to Allah and Praise be to Allah and Glory is to Allah the Great”.
2)Under the belt, at each corner of the Ka’aba, Surah of Ikhlas (Purity of Faith) is written inside a circle surrounded by a square shape of Islamic embellishment
3)At the same height, also under the belt, there are six verses of the Holy Quran. Each of these verses is written in a separate frame.
4)On the areas separating these frames there is a shape of a lamp on which either of the following Phrases is written:”O’ you The Alive The Self Subsisting”. “The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful”, or “Praise be to Allah”. All that is written under the belt is in Ath- Thuluth style of handwriting, embroidered in protruding designs and interwoven with silver threads covered with gold.
5) Earlier the Kiswas’ were plain. Only in 1340 the embroidery border tradition was introduced by the Egyptian ruler Hassan.
6)KISWA WAS NOT BLACK :The colour of Kiswa kept changing during the reigns of different Caliphs and rulers.Once the grand mother of Prophet Mohammed (Pbuh) had offered white Kiswa.The Caliph Al-Ma’mun, draped the Kaaba three times a year, each time with a different colour: red on the eighth of Dhu al-Hijjah, white gabati on the first of Rajab, and another red brocade on the twenty-ninth of Ramadan. Later on, Al-Nasir draped the Kaaba with green; both he and Al-Ma’mun disagreed on the frequent colour changes and switched to black, the only colour that has since been used for Kiswah.Nassir Abbasi (1160-1207) started green Kiswa and later shifted to black, since then the black kiswa has become the tradition.
MAKING OF KISWA
1)More than 200 men labor in a factory for eight months to produce the gold-embroidered, black-dyed Kiswa, a silk cover for the Kaaba
2)Today the 658-square-meter covering is made of 670 kg (1,500 lb) of high-quality silk imported from Italy and Switzerland,
3)The silk is dyed black and it is spun in soudi arabia to make the fine material, then it is hand-embroidered with 120 kg of pure gold and silver
CHANGING OF KISWA AND IT’S DISTRIBUTION
Every year, pieces of the old Kiswa are presented as gifts to Muslim countries and senior Muslim personalities.
KISWA is cut and distributed among public too..
THESE ARE RARE FACTS WHICH WE WOULD LIKE TO SHARE WITH OUR FRIENDS TOO.
SO SHARE AND UNITE HEARTS TOWARDS THE LOVE OF KA’ABA
Today, I had a breathtaking experience.We had planned a tour to prophet’s mosque and a visit to the adjacent places of madina.After the jiyarah(visit to masjid-e nabawi),we set for battle of uhud and then to the most famous wadi-e jinn.
it is around 45-50 Kilometers from Medina . Its official name is Wadi Al Baidah. In Arabic, Baidah means egg. Since this valley is surrounded by hills on three sides and resembles with egg in shape, hence the name.it is also renowned as Wadi Al Jinn.We were amazed at the miracle of our car moving reverse In this Wadi the car will Move even without any Driver. we entered the Wadi,and put our car on neutral,( even when we switch off our Engine) the car started going Reverse. and while returning we made your Gears Neutral,We did not apply any accelarator ,the car started gaining speed and reached the speed of 120 km/hour,when finally we had to apply brakes.It is said that even if you Switch off your engine , your car will move at a speed of 120 kmph.It is like as if the Jinns are pushing your Car Outside their Area.The total track length where this phenomenon can be observed is around 14~15km.we are totally baffled by this experience and even after returning tired late in the night,I am just not able to sleep.
I bet anyone who experience such a supernatural phenomena will get totally perplexed..People come home and use the google sheikh and get convinced that it is due to some magnetic field of mountain(gravity hill) and an optical illusion created there.There are many people don’t believe in the concept of existence of jinn and dismiss them as ghosts and dead spirits,while others are a total slave of science.They believe what the limited minds of the limited scientists have said on the subject.And no more discussion no more issues.While the existence and powers of jinns are clearly mentioned in quran .There is a whole Surah LXXII, called Jinn or the Spirits in the Qur’an.
And there was ananother experiment we did there.We poured water in the slope.Instead of going in the direction of slope,the water began to flow in a different direction.The locals claim that after maghrib(sunset),if any one wanders there,they hear a voice-“go-You don’t belong here”.Naturally there is no signs of human habitation here,and people don’t stay here for long.
There is one authentic hadith on wadi-e jinn
Hadees on Wadi-e-Al-Baida or Wadi -e-Jinn in Madina and its significance.
Narated Aisha r.d.a. : Allahs Apostle said : An army will invade the kaaba and when the invaders will reach Al Baida (Wadi -e- Jinn) all the ground will sink and swallow the whole army..I said “O Allahs Apostle pbuh! how will thy sink into the ground while amongst them will be their markets(ppl who worked in business and not invaders) and the people not belonging to them? the prophet replied all of those people will sink but thy will be resurrected and judged according to their intentions.
ABOUT THE JINNS
And He created
Jinns from fire free of smoke. Surah LV: 15
According to a hadith,
Dawud reported from Amir who said: I asked Alqamah if Ibn Mas’ud were present with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) on the night of the Jinn (the night when the Holy Prophet met them). He (Ibn Mas’ud) said: No, but we were in the company of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) one night and we missed him. We searched for him in the valleys and the hills and said: He has either been taken away (by Jinn) or has been secretly killed. He (the narrator) said: We spent the worst night that people could ever spend. When it was dawn we saw him coming from the side of Hira’. He (the narrator) reported: We said: Messenger of Allah, we missed you and searched for you, but we could not find you and we spent the worst night that people could ever spend. He (the Holy Prophet) said: There came to me petitioner on behalf of the Jinn and I went with him and recited the Qur’an to them. He (the narrator) said: He then went with him and showed us their tracks and the traces of their embers. They (the Jinn) asked him (the Holy Prophet) about their provision and he said: Every bone on which the name of Allah is recited is your provision. The time it falls in your hand it shall be covered with flesh, and the dung of (the camels) is fodder for your animals. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: Don’t perform istinja with these (things) for these are the food of your brothers (Jinn).Sahih Muslim HadithHadith 903 Narrated by Ibn Mas’ud
AND ONE ANOTHER HADITH ON JINNS :
Sahih Al-Bukhari HadithHadith 6.443 Narrated byIbn Abbas
Allah’s Apostle went out along with a group of his companions towards ‘Ukaz Market. At that time something intervened between the devils and the news of the Heaven, and flames were sent down upon them, so the devils returned. Their fellow-devils said, “What is wrong with you?” They said, “Something has intervened between us and the news of the Heaven, and fires (flames) have been shot at us.” Their fellow-devils said, “Nothing has intervened between you and the news of the Heaven, but an important event has happened. Therefore, travel all over the world, east and west, and try to find out what has happened.” And so they set out and travelled all over the world, east and west, looking for that thing which intervened between them and the news of the Heaven. Those of the devils who had set out towards Tihama, went to Allah’s Apostle at Nakhla (a place between Mecca and Taif) while he was on his way to Ukaz Market. (They met him) while he was offering the Fajr prayer with his companions. When they heard the Holy Qur’an being recited (by Allah’s Apostle), they listened to it and said (to each other). This is the thing which has intervened between you and the news of the Heavens.” Then they returned to their people and said, “O our people! We have really heard a wonderful recital (Qur’an). It gives guidance to the right, and we have believed therein. We shall not join in worship, anybody with our Lord.” (See 72.1-2) Then Allah revealed to His Prophet (Surat al-Jinn):
N.B: The devils are the bad jinns and there are good jinns.So,we are not studying the jinns in detail.We are concerned about the magnetic effect on the wadi al jinn. A SCIENTIFIC STUDY ON JINNS
No religion in the world except Islam has the concept of Jinn.Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall, another translator of the Qur’an from England, gives an another meaning of Jinns. He says another meaning of Jinns is foreigners (Aliens) which means they are extraterrestrial (from outside the earth).
I Researched on this matter and found this fact backed by following evidence
The famous Islamic cosmographer and Persian physician who lived in the thirteenth century, Zakariya ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud Abu Yahya al-Qazwini, states that jinns “are aerial animals, with transparent bodies which can assume various forms.” This is recognized as one category of jinns which permeate the atmosphere and is reminiscent of Trevor Constable’s plasma-based “sky creatures”.
Gordon Creighton and Chris Line, as far back as 1989, have argued that UFOs are in reality jinns in different issues of the “Flying Saucer Review”. The idea that Earth’s atmosphere could be the habitat of living aerial creatures which manifested as UFOs is not a new one.
Based on the laws of Physics and Chemistry scientists argue the existence of creatures in the sun. The outermost part of the sun is called the Chromosphere and Corona. The temperature here is 4000 degrees centigrade. Underneath the corona lies the Photosphere where the temperature is 5700 degrees centigrade which is the temperature on the surface of the sun. Inside the Photosphere lies the Plasma Interior. Here the temperature is 30,000 degrees centigrade. At this temperature the atoms lose their electrons which wander freely. The density of the hot gases is equal to that of air at the surface of Earth. Halfway towards the center of the sun the temperature rises to several million degrees centigrade. Here the electrons are completely removed from their atoms and move freely, leaving the atomic nuclei behind as positively charged Ions. These separated positive and negative (ions) move independently of each other and this state of matter is called Plasma. Plasma could be interpreted as the smokeless Fire described in the Qur’an. At the center of the sun is the core where the temperature reaches ten million degrees and the density is five times greater than that of solid gold. That is the density of the core, which is greater than any material found on Earth.
The possible inhabitants of Plasmaland (place of inhabitants) or Jinns have a more complex basis for their life involving charges as well as magnetic forces. The positive and negative ions interact and respond to the presence of magnetic forces. The stable structure and movement of the Jinns is influenced by the magnetic forces. In Physics we know that the moving charges influence the motion of these electrical charges or ions. This situation is similar to the influence of proteins and nucleic acids in Earth life. Finally these processes result in a favored form.
David Brin’s Sundiver also speculated on plasma life forms. This science fiction proposed a form of life existing within the plasma atmosphere of a star using complex self-sustaining magnetic fields. Similar types of plasmoid life have been proposed to exist in other places, such as planetary ionospheres or interstellar space. Gregory Benford had a form of plasma-based life exist in the accretion disk of a primordial black hole in his novel Eater.
The Dictionary of Islam by Thomas Patrick Hughes states: “They become invisible at please (by a rapid extension or rarefaction of the particles which compose them), or suddenly disappear in the earth or air, or through a solid wall.” Particles in plasma, through magnetic and electric forces, can increase their inter-particle distance to decrease the density of the plasma. The inter-particle distance in collisionless plasma is so large that objects of collisionless plasma can easily pass through each other.
All of these characteristics are consistent with plasma life forms as described by this author. Some writers have already argued that jinns are in fact plasma life forms, for example, Dr Ibrahim B Syed, a Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of Louisville, School of Medicine.
We should note that the concept of plasma is a relatively modern one. The term “plasma” was coined by Irving Langmuir around 1929 and modern plasma physics only began in the twentieth century. A thousand years ago the concept of plasma did not exist. But the term “smokeless fire” captures rather nicely the image of a plasma. If we had fluorescent lamps and neon signs (which are composed of plasma) a thousand years ago, they would probably be described as “smokeless fire” or “fire without smoke”.
The fifty-fifth chapter “Ar-Rahman” of the Qur’an states that jinns are made of “smokeless fire” and humans are made of clay (like that used in pottery). In modern terms, we may say that humans are carbon-based or water-based, jinns plasma-based and angels are photonic life forms.
Angels, aliens, ghosts, jinns and other exotic life forms also have subtle bioplasma bodies that are often recorded or illustrated in the metaphysical and religious literature (and even the UFO literature), to confirm that these exotic life forms indeed have bodies composed of plasmas of dark matter particles.
It is not surprising that angels, ghosts and deities also have features associated with the Sun. The Sun is, after all, a big ball of magnetic plasma. Coronal auras and discharges, granulation and spicules are all features associated with the Sun and seen in numerous illustrations of the bioplasma bodies of angels,jinns and other exotic life forms throughout the centuries.
conclusion:
So,we conclude that jinns are a sort of bioplasma bodies and magnetic effect can be considered as a component of magnetic plasma and so the magnetic effect we experience in wadi e jinn may be because of a large number of jinns present there and Allah knows well.
We as a muslim believe in the world of unseen.we can only move around the world and glorify Allah by observing his signs and his miracles.
Finally I would like to summerise as:
خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ صَلْصَالٍ كَالْفَخَّارِ
He created man from clay like [that of] pottery.
وَخَلَقَ الْجَانَّ مِنْ مَارِجٍ مِنْ نَارٍ
And He created the jinn from a smokeless flame of fire.
فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
“For the believer, Madinah is the best place. If only they could understand it’s virtue fully, they would never leave it, and whoever departs from Madinah, having become disenchanted with it, Allah will send someone better to replace him. And whoever bears patiently the ordeals of Madinah, for him shall I be an intercessor(or witness) on the Day of Qiyamah.” [Muslim] (1)MADINA IS IMMUNE TO DAJJAL“There will be no town which Ad-Dajjal (the anti-Christ) will not enter except Makkah and Madinah, and there will be no entrance (road) but the angels will be standing in rows guarding it against him, and then Madinah will shake with its inhabitants thrice and Allah will expel all the nonbelievers and the hypocrites from it.” [Bukhari] (2) MASJID-E-QUBA
The virtue of Masjid Qubas is mentioned in the following Quranic verse in Surah Taubah: “…certainly a masjid founded on piety from the very first day is more deserving that you should stand in it…” [9:108]
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) said: “He who purifies himself at his home and comes to Masjid Quba and offers two rakats therein, will be rewarded the reward of an Umrah (lesser pilgrimage).” [Sunan ibn Majah]
(3) MASJID-E-NABAWI Location chosen by Allah:When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) migrated to Madinah (then called Yathrib), the chiefs of the city and his immediate followers rode around his camel in their best clothes and in glittering armour. Everyone was hoping he would stop by their house. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) would answer everyone politely and kindly, “[This camel] is commanded by Allah; wherever it stops, that will be my home.” The camel moved on with slackened reins, reaching the site of the present masjid and knelt down. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) alighted and said, “This is the home” and inquired as to who owned the land. The land contained a few date trees, graves of polytheists, a resting spot for herds of cattle and was owned by two orphan brothers, Sahl and Suhail. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) purchased the land, had the trees cleared and the polytheists graves dug up and levelled
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) said: “Whoever performs forty salah in my masjid, not missing one salah in the masjid, for him is granted exemption from the fire of Hell, and exemption from punishment and he shall remain free of hypocrisy.” [Ahmad]
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) said:“One salah offered in my masjid is superior to one thousand salahs offered in other masjids except Masjid al-Haram (Makkah al-Mukarramah).” [Bukhari]
(4)ROZA MUBARAK
With regards visiting Madinah and performing the Ziyarah (visiting the grave of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him)), the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) said: “Whoever visits me after my death is like he who had visited me during my life.” [Tabraani] “Whoever performs his Hajj in Makkah, then comes to Madinah with the sole aim of visiting me in my Masjid, for him shall be written (the rewards of) two accepted Hajj.” [Daylami] “When a person stands at my grave reciting blessings on me, I hear it; and whoever calls for blessings on me in any other place, his every need in this world and in the hereafter is fulfilled and on the day of Qiyamah I shall be his witness and intercessor.” [Bayhaqi]
(5)RIYAAD-UL-JANNAH The area between the Sacred Chamber and the Pulpit (Mimbar) is known as the Riadhul Jannah i.e. Garden of Paradise. It is presently distinguished by a green carpet and is also referred to as Rawdah.
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) said: “Between my house and my pulpit lays a garden from the gardens of Paradise, and my pulpit is upon my fountain (Al-Kauthar).” [Bukhari]
Scholars have interpreted the above narration as follows: The Garden is parallel to a garden above it in Paradise. Or it is in reality a garden of paradise, which will be returned to paradise in the hereafter. Or it is like the gardens of paradise, because the peace and tranquility which is experienced in it when engaged in the remembrance of Allah resembles that of paradise. [Akhbar Madina tur Rasool, Ibn Najjar]
(6) Ustuwaanah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) used to say his prayers here and afterwards moved to the place at Ustuwaanah Hannanah. It is also called the Ustuwaanah Qu’rah. The reason for this is that Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) said: “In this masjid is one such spot that if people knew the true blessed nature thereof, they would flock towards it in such in a manner to pray there they would have to cast such lots (i.e. Qu’rah).” People asked her to point out the exact spot which she refused to do. Later on, at the persistence of Abdullah bin Zubair (may Allah be pleased with him) she pointed to this spot. Hence it is called Ustuwaanah Aisha, because the Hadith is reported by her and the exact spot was shown by her. It is a fact that Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) very often used to pray here. (7)JANNAT-UL-BAQIIt is praiseworthy to ask Allah Ta’ala for a death in the city of His Final Messenger (Allah bless him and grant him peace), the illuminated Madinah. There is also a great significance in being buried in the al-Baqi’ graveyard. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) said, “On the day of Qiyamah my grave shall be opened first and I shall step forth. Then shall Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) step forth and then Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). Then shall I proceed to Baqi and take all its inmates with me. Then shall we await the inmates of the graveyard of Makkah, who shall meet me halfway between Makkah and Madinah.”[Tirmidhi] (8)MASJID-E-QIBLATAIN This is Masjid Qiblatain (Mosque of the Two Qiblas). It is historically important to Muslims as this is where in Rajjab 2 AH the revelation of the Quran came to change the direction of the Qibla from Bait-al-Maqdis in Jerusalem to the Ka’bah in Makkah.THESTART OF HOSTILITY BETWEEN JEWS AND MUSLIM
The Jews were eagerly waiting for the arrival of a prophet who, according to their scriptures, would appear in Madinah. They used to taunt the local Arabs that when he did arrive, according to their prophesies, the Jews would destroy the pagans as the ancient people of Aad and Thamud had been destroyed for their idolatry. However, when they realized that the final prophet was chosen among the Arabs rather than from the Jews their pride got the better of them and they rejected him even though as the Quran mentions (in 2:146) they recognized him as they recognize their sons. In spite of this, there were some Jews who embraced Islam, most notably Hussain bin Salam, one of their most learned Rabbis. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) changed his name to Abdullah bin Salam.
While it was a day of joy for the Muslims, it was a day of mourning for the Jews. The Muslims had now become completely independent of them and a prophecy in their old books had been fulfilled that the last of the great prophets would change the orientation of the religion of Allah from Jerusalem to the Ancient House of Ebrahim (upon him be peace). Their elders went as a body to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) and said that if he would change his orientation back to Jerusalem, then they would follow him. Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) revealed in the Quran in Surah al-Baqarah: “And even if thou broughtest unto those who have received the Scriptures all kinds of portents, they would not follow thy Qibla, nor canst thou be a follower of their Qibla; nor are some of them followers of the Qibla of others. And if thou shouldst follow their desires after the knowledge which has come unto thee, then surely wert thou of the evil doers.” [2:145]
The Muslims began to have a distinctive character while the Jews began to grow closer to the hypocrites and the polytheists. Many of the Hypocrites reverted to either Judaism or paganism, thereby purifying the ranks of the Muslims.
(9)MOUNTAINS OF HEAVEN AND MOUNTAINS OF HELL uhud is a mountain of heaven and jabl-e Ayr,the second largest mountain after Uhud located at the southern boundery of madina is described as a mountain of hell.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) declared, “Uhud is a mountain which loves us and which we love, it is upon the Gate of Heaven” adding, “And Ayr is a place which hates us and which we hate, it is upon the Gate of Hell.”
‘Ayr’ means a ‘wild ass’, whereas Uhud is derived from Ahad, meaning ‘one’, — so called because it is fated to be the place of victory to those who worship one God. The very names, say Muslim sages, make it abundantly evident that even as the men of Al-Madinah were of two parties, friendly and hostile to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him), so were these mountains.
(10)WADI-E -JINN
Last but not the least the thrill of visiting madina is incomplete without visiting the wadi-e-jinn.It is around 30-40 km from madina.here your car will run at 120kmph even when your engine is switched off and when water is poured in the slope,it flows against the slope.The place is said to be inhabited by jinn and local claims that if anyone wanders there ,they hear voices which says”GO-YOU DON’T BELONG HERE”
And there is one authentic hadith on wadi-e jinn
Hadees on Wadi-e-Al-Baida or Wadi -e-Jinn in Madina and its significance.
Narated Aisha r.d.a. : Allahs Apostle said : An army will invade the kaaba and when the invaders will reach Al Baida (Wadi -e- Jinn) all the ground will sink and swallow the whole army..I said “O Allahs Apostle pbuh! how will thy sink into the ground while amongst them will be their markets(ppl who worked in business and not invaders) and the people not belonging to them? the prophet replied all of those people will sink but thy will be resurrected and judged according to their intentions.
Reference: (1)(TheTrueCall.com; geocities.com/mutmainaa, The life of Muhammad – Tahia Al-Ismail,(2)History of Madinah Munawwarah – Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Abdul Ghani, (3)Wikipedia, (4)History of Madina – Ali Hafiz,
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